See thogh in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
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"templates": [
{
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},
"expansion": "English: though",
"name": "desc"
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],
"text": "English: though"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-msc",
"2": "thoch",
"3": "thocht",
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},
"expansion": "Middle Scots: thoch, thocht, tho",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Scots: thoch, thocht, tho"
},
{
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"templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "tho"
},
"expansion": "Scots: tho",
"name": "desc"
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"etymology_templates": [
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"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
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"2": "non",
"3": "",
"4": "*þóh"
},
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"name": "der"
}
],
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"However, nevertheless, though."
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"(contrastive) However, nevertheless, though."
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{
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},
{
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},
{
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"note": "Northern or early"
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{
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"note": "originally unstressed"
},
{
"ipa": "/ðau̥(x)/",
"note": "from Old English þēh, þēah"
},
{
"ipa": "/ðɛ(x)/",
"note": "from Old English þēh, þēah"
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{
"ipa": "/ða(x)/",
"note": "from Old English þēh, þēah"
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},
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{
"args": {
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"3": "thocht",
"4": "tho"
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"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Scots: thoch, thocht, tho"
},
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{
"args": {
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"2": "tho"
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"expansion": "Scots: tho",
"name": "desc"
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"g3": "",
"id": "",
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"pos": "",
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"alternative"
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"tags": [
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"form": "þaȝ",
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"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þaugh",
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]
},
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{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 18 6 13 25 0 0 0 3 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
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"Although, even though, in spite of the fact that."
],
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[
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{
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"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
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{
"_dis": "43 37 1 2 15 0 0 0 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
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"Yet, but, though, conceding that."
],
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"Even#English"
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"if"
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"(Even) if, whether [with correlative]"
]
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"id": "en-thogh-enm-conj-D4fBrtyB",
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[
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[
"negative",
"negative"
],
[
"wonder",
"wonder#Middle_English"
]
],
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"That [following a negative, usually in an expression of surprise containing wonder]"
]
},
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"When, at the moment that."
],
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[
"When",
"when"
],
[
"moment",
"moment"
]
],
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"(rare) When, at the moment that."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
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"ipa": "/θuːx/",
"note": "from Old Norse *þóh"
},
{
"ipa": "/ðɔu̯(x)/",
"note": "originally unstressed"
},
{
"ipa": "/ðɔ(x)/",
"note": "from Old Norse *þóh"
},
{
"ipa": "/θiːx/",
"note": "from Old English þēh, þēah"
},
{
"ipa": "/θeːx/",
"note": "Northern or early"
},
{
"ipa": "/ðæi̯(x)/",
"note": "originally unstressed"
},
{
"ipa": "/ðau̥(x)/",
"note": "from Old English þēh, þēah"
},
{
"ipa": "/ðɛ(x)/",
"note": "from Old English þēh, þēah"
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{
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{
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}
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"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Scots: thoch, thocht, tho"
},
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"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "tho"
},
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}
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"4": "",
"5": "",
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"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
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"pos": "",
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"2": "non",
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"4": "*þóh"
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}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English þēah, þēh, from Proto-West Germanic *þauh, from Proto-Germanic *þauh.\nForms with in -o- are presumably instead from Old Norse *þóh, an earlier form of þó, from the same Proto-Germanic source.",
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"form": "thegh",
"tags": [
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]
},
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"form": "thouȝ",
"tags": [
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},
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"form": "though",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
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"form": "thowh",
"tags": [
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]
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"form": "þaȝ",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "þaugh",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þoch",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þof",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
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{
"form": "þou",
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]
},
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]
},
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"form": "þowgh",
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},
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"form": "þeah",
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"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "þoh",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
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"form": "þohh",
"tags": [
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"Early-Middle-English"
]
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{
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"However, nevertheless, though."
],
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[
"However",
"however"
],
[
"nevertheless",
"nevertheless"
],
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"though"
]
],
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"(contrastive) However, nevertheless, though."
],
"tags": [
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]
}
],
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"note": "from Old Norse *þóh"
},
{
"ipa": "/ðɔu̯(x)/",
"note": "originally unstressed"
},
{
"ipa": "/ðɔ(x)/",
"note": "from Old Norse *þóh"
},
{
"ipa": "/θiːx/",
"note": "from Old English þēh, þēah"
},
{
"ipa": "/θeːx/",
"note": "Northern or early"
},
{
"ipa": "/ðæi̯(x)/",
"note": "originally unstressed"
},
{
"ipa": "/ðau̥(x)/",
"note": "from Old English þēh, þēah"
},
{
"ipa": "/ðɛ(x)/",
"note": "from Old English þēh, þēah"
},
{
"ipa": "/ða(x)/",
"note": "from Old English þēh, þēah"
}
],
"word": "thogh"
}
{
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"Middle English conjunctions",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English pronouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Old Norse",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
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"expansion": "English: though",
"name": "desc"
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"text": "English: though"
},
{
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"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Scots: thoch, thocht, tho"
},
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"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
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"expansion": "Inherited from Old English þēah",
"name": "inh+"
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},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þauh",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þauh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þauh",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "non",
"3": "",
"4": "*þóh"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse *þóh",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English þēah, þēh, from Proto-West Germanic *þauh, from Proto-Germanic *þauh.\nForms with in -o- are presumably instead from Old Norse *þóh, an earlier form of þó, from the same Proto-Germanic source.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thegh",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "thouȝ",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "though",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "thowh",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þaȝ",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þaugh",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þoch",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þof",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þou",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þouȝ",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þowgh",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þah",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "þeah",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "þoh",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "þohh",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "thogh",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Although, even though, in spite of the fact that."
],
"links": [
[
"Although",
"although"
],
[
"even though",
"even though"
],
[
"spite",
"spite"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Yet, but, though, conceding that."
],
"links": [
[
"Yet",
"yet"
],
[
"but",
"but"
],
[
"though",
"though"
],
[
"conceding",
"conceding"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"if, whether"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "correlative"
},
"expansion": "[with correlative]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"correlative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"Even",
"Even#English"
],
[
"if",
"if"
],
[
"whether",
"whether"
]
],
"qualifier": "Even",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Even) if, whether [with correlative]"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Because, since, for the reason that."
],
"links": [
[
"Because",
"because"
],
[
"since",
"since"
],
[
"reason",
"reason"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"That"
],
"links": [
[
"That",
"that"
],
[
"negative",
"negative"
],
[
"wonder",
"wonder#Middle_English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"That [following a negative, usually in an expression of surprise containing wonder]"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"When, at the moment that."
],
"links": [
[
"When",
"when"
],
[
"moment",
"moment"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) When, at the moment that."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θuːx/",
"note": "from Old Norse *þóh"
},
{
"ipa": "/ðɔu̯(x)/",
"note": "originally unstressed"
},
{
"ipa": "/ðɔ(x)/",
"note": "from Old Norse *þóh"
},
{
"ipa": "/θiːx/",
"note": "from Old English þēh, þēah"
},
{
"ipa": "/θeːx/",
"note": "Northern or early"
},
{
"ipa": "/ðæi̯(x)/",
"note": "originally unstressed"
},
{
"ipa": "/ðau̥(x)/",
"note": "from Old English þēh, þēah"
},
{
"ipa": "/ðɛ(x)/",
"note": "from Old English þēh, þēah"
},
{
"ipa": "/ða(x)/",
"note": "from Old English þēh, þēah"
}
],
"word": "thogh"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English pronouns",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "thogh",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "thou",
"word": "þou"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of þou (“thou”)"
],
"links": [
[
"þou",
"þou#Middle_English:_thou"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "thogh"
}
Download raw JSONL data for thogh meaning in Middle English (9.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (3dadd05 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.